Animal Nature Study by Various Animal Nature Study by Various    

Lesson 2: The Butterfly

Performer: LibriVox - Jennifer Dorr


'The Butterfly That Went Calling' from Among the Meadow People by Clara Dillingham Pierson

As the warm August days came, Mr. Yellow Butterfly wriggled and pushed in his snug little green chrysalis and wished he could get out to see the world. He remembered the days when he was a hairy little Caterpillar, crawling slowly over the grass and leaves, and he remembered how beautiful the sky and all the flowers were. Then he thought of the new wings which had been growing from his back, and he tried to move them, just to see how it would feel. He had only six legs since his wings grew, and he missed all the sticky feet which he had to give up when he began to change into a Butterfly.

The more he thought about it the more he squirmed, until suddenly he heard a faint little sound, too faint for larger people to hear, and found a tiny slit in the wall of his chrysalis. It was such a dainty green chrysalis with white wrinkles, that it seemed almost a pity to have it break. Still it had held him for eight days already and that was as long as any of his family ever hung in the chrysalis, so it was quite time for it to be torn open and left empty. Mr. Yellow Butterfly belonged to the second brood that had hatched that year and he wanted to be out while the days were still fine and hot. Now he crawled out of the newly-opened doorway to take his first flight.

Poor Mr. Butterfly! He found his wings so wet and crinkled that they wouldn't work at all, so he had to sit quietly in the sunshine all day drying them. And just as they got big, and smooth, and dry, it grew dark, and Mr. Butterfly had to crawl under a leaf to sleep.

The next morning, bright and early, he flew away to visit the flowers. First he stopped to see the Daisies by the roadside. They were all dancing in the wind, and their bright faces looked as cheerful as anyone could wish. They were glad to see Mr. Butterfly, and wished him to stay all day with them. He said; "You are very kind, but I really couldn't think of doing it. You must excuse my saying it, but I am surprised to think you will grow here. It is very dusty and dry, and then there is no shade. I am sure I could have chosen a better place."

The Daisies smiled and nodded to each other, saying, "This is the kind of place we were made for, that's all."

Mr. Butterfly shook his head very doubtfully, and then bade them a polite, "Good morning," and flew away to call on the Cardinals.

The Cardinals are a very stately family, as everybody knows. They hold their heads very high, and never make deep bows, even to the wind, but for all that they are a very pleasant family to meet. They gave Mr. Butterfly a dainty lunch of honey, and seemed much pleased when he told them how beautiful the river looked in the sunlight.

"It is a delightful place to grow," said they.

"Ye-es," said Mr. Butterfly, "it is very pretty, still I do not think it can be healthful. I really cannot understand why you flowers choose such strange homes. Now, there are the Daisies, where I just called. They are in a dusty, dry place, where there is no shade at all. I spoke to them about it, and they acted quite uppish."

"But the Daisies always do choose such places," said the Cardinals.

"And your family," said Mr. Butterfly, "have lived so long in wet places that it is a wonder you are alive. Your color is good, but to stand with one's roots in water all the time! It is shocking."

"Cardinals and Butterflies live differently," said the flowers. "Good morning."

Mr. Butterfly left the river and flew over to the woods. He was very much out of patience. He was so angry that his feelers quivered, and now you know how angry he must have been. He knew that the Violets were a very agreeable family, who never put on airs, so he went at once to them.

He had barely said "Good morning" to them when he began to explain what had displeased him.

"To think," he said, "what notions some flowers have! Now, you have a pleasant home here in the edge of the woods. I have been telling the Daisies and the Cardinals that they should grow in such a place, but they wouldn't listen to me. The Daisies were quite uppish about it, and the Cardinals were very stiff."

"My dear friend," answered a Violet, "they could never live if they moved up into our neighborhood. Every flower has his own place in this world, and is happiest in that place. Everything has its own place and its own work, and every flower that is wise will stay in the place for which it was intended. You were exceedingly kind to want to help the flowers, but suppose they had been telling you what to do. Suppose the Cardinals had told you that flying around was not good for your health, and that to be truly well you ought to grow planted with your legs in the mud and water."

"Oh!" said Mr. Butterfly, "Oh! I never thought of that. Perhaps Butterflies don't know everything."

"No," said the Violet, "they don't know everything, and you haven't been out of your chrysalis very long. But those who are ready to learn can always find someone to tell them. Won't you eat some honey?"

And Mr. Butterfly sipped honey and was happy.

    Animal Nature Study by Various Animal Nature Study by Various    

Lesson 2: The Butterfly

Performer: LibriVox - Jennifer Dorr

Directions

Study the lesson for one week.

Over the week:

  • Read the story.
  • Review the animal synopsis.
  • Study the vocabulary words.
  • Learn the concepts.
  • Complete the enrichment activities.
  • Study the review questions.

Synopsis

Like fireflies, butterflies are insects. The video below shows a black veined, orange-red monarch butterfly. Monarchs are distasteful to birds, and their brilliant colors warn birds of their disagreeable taste. Another butterfly species called the viceroy has taken advantage of the monarch's immunity from bird attack by imitating its colors. Have you ever touched a butterfly's wings and noticed the powder on your fingers? Butterfly wings are covered with scales so tiny, they look like dust. Monarchs migrate in large flocks seasonally, flying south for the winter and back north for the summer. Male monarchs have black spots upon their hind wings called perfume pockets. Perfume pockets are filled with scent scales. These scales give forth an odor which humans cannot perceive, but the lady monarch is attracted by this odor. After mating, female monarchs lay eggs that hatch into caterpillars. Caterpillars eat vegetation to grow larger and spin their chrysalises. Inside their chrysalises, butterflies transform from worms into flying pixies. The process of transforming from caterpillars to winged adult butterflies is called "metamorphosis."

Vocabulary

Metamorphosis: The process of transformation from an immature form to an adult form in two or more distinct stages.
Caterpillar: The larva of a butterfly or moth.
Chrysalis: A moth or butterfly pupa within a hard outer case.
Exoskeleton: A rigid external covering for the body in some invertebrate animals, especially arthropods, providing both support and protection.
Antennae: Either of a pair of long, thin sensory appendages on the heads of insects, crustaceans, and some other arthropods.
Thorax: The middle section of the body of an insect, between the head and the abdomen, bearing the legs and wings.
Abdomen: The part of the body of a vertebrate containing the digestive organs; the belly. In humans and other mammals, it is bounded by the diaphragm and the pelvis.
Proboscis: An elongated sucking mouthpart that is typically tubular and flexible.
Nectar: A sugary fluid secreted by plants, especially within flowers to encourage pollination by insects and other animals. It is collected by bees to make into honey.

Concepts

Fireflies and butterflies belong to a group of animals called insects.

Most insects have the following characteristics:

  1. Six legs
  2. An exoskeleton (hard crunchy shell) instead of an internal skeleton (bones)
  3. Two antennae for sensing the world
  4. Three body parts including the head, thorax, and abdomen (see the labeled ant insect below)

Enrichment

Activity 1: Narrate the Story

  • After reading or listening to the story, narrate the story events aloud using your own words.

Activity 2: Watch the Video

  • Watch the video of a butterfly.
  • Note its legs, antennae, body, and colorful wings.
  • Also note its long black proboscis, which the butterfly inserts into the flower to obtain nectar.

Activity 3: Classify the Animal

  • Butterflies are animals, invertebrates, arthropods, and insects.
  • Trace which categories butterflies fit into on the classification chart.

Activity 4: Color and Label a Butterfly   

  • Click the crayon above. Complete page 7 of 'Science Field Book for Second Grade.'

Activity 5: Sketch the Butterfly Lifecycle

  • Study the images below. Draw and label the lifecycle of a butterfly in order - from egg, to caterpillar, to chrysalis, to winged adult.

Activity 6: Take a Nature Walk

Take a nature walk, locate a butterfly or other animal to observe, gather data and notes, and use that information to create a field book entry. You may wish to take a pencil and a small notebook to jot down sketches and observations. If you can't find a butterfly, you may sketch a different animal or make a sketch based on the video in Activity 2.

Before you take the nature walk, review:

  • The field book template you'll later complete on page 8 of 'Science Field Book for Second Grade.'
  • The suggested list of observations below.

Behavioral observations include:

  • How do butterflies move?
  • How do butterflies eat?
  • What do butterflies eat?
  • How do butterflies sense the world?

Habitat observations include:

  • Do butterflies live in a forest, a field, a town, or near water?
  • In what type of climate do butterflies live (e.g. temperate, tropical, arid, arctic)?
  • In what type of house do butterflies live?

Appearance observations include:

  • What colors are the wings?
  • What colors are the eyes and body?
  • How many legs do butterflies have?
  • How many antennae do butterflies have?
  • What does its proboscis look like?

Activity 7: Complete a Field Book Entry   

  • Click the crayon above. After your nature walk, complete page 8 of 'Science Field Book for Second Grade.'

Review

Question 1

How do the bright colors of monarch butterflies protect them from being eaten by birds?
1 / 9

Answer 1

The bright orange-red color advertises to birds that they are butterflies that taste horrible.
1 / 9

Question 2

What is the dust on your fingers that results when you touch butterflies' wings?
2 / 9

Answer 2

The dust is made of the tiny scales that cover butterflies' wings.
2 / 9

Question 3

Why have viceroys imitated the colors of monarchs?
3 / 9

Answer 3

Birds find monarchs distasteful and avoid eating them. Birds believe viceroys are monarchs and will taste bad, so avoid eating them, even though viceroys would make a tasty bird snack.
3 / 9

Question 4

How many legs do monarchs have? How do you know?
4 / 9

Answer 4

Monarchs have six legs. Insects have six legs, and monarchs are insects.
4 / 9

Question 5

How do butterflies use their proboscises?
5 / 9

Answer 5

Butterflies use their proboscises for sucking nectar from fruit or flowers.
5 / 9

Question 6

What are the three sections of the bodies of insects?
6 / 9

Answer 6

The three sections of insect bodies include the head, thorax, and abdomen.
6 / 9

Question 7

What do insects have instead of bones / internal skeletons?
7 / 9

Answer 7

Insects have exoskeletons instead of bones / internal skeletons.
7 / 9

Question 8

Describe butterflies before metamorphosis.
8 / 9

Answer 8

Butterflies are crawling caterpillars before metamorphosis.
8 / 9

Question 9

Describe butterflies after metamorphosis.
9 / 9

Answer 9

Butterflies become winged adults that can fly after metamorphosis.
9 / 9

  1. How do the bright colors of monarch butterflies protect them from being eaten by birds? The bright orange-red color advertises to birds that they are butterflies that taste horrible.
  2. What is the dust on your fingers that results when you touch butterflies' wings? The dust is made of the tiny scales that cover butterflies' wings.
  3. Why have viceroys imitated the colors of monarchs? Birds find monarchs distasteful and avoid eating them. Birds believe viceroys are monarchs and will taste bad, so avoid eating them, even though viceroys would make a tasty bird snack.
  4. How many legs do monarchs have? How do you know? Monarchs have six legs. Insects have six legs, and monarchs are insects.
  5. How do butterflies use their proboscises? Butterflies use their proboscises for sucking nectar from fruit or flowers.
  6. What are the three sections of the bodies of insects? The three sections of insect bodies include the head, thorax, and abdomen.
  7. What do insects have instead of bones / internal skeletons? Insects have exoskeletons instead of bones / internal skeletons.
  8. Describe butterflies before metamorphosis. Butterflies are crawling caterpillars before metamorphosis.
  9. Describe butterflies after metamorphosis. Butterflies become winged adults that can fly after metamorphosis.

References

  1. Comstock, Anna Botsford. Handbook of nature-study (Twenty-fourth edition). Ithaca, New York Comstock Publishing Company, Inc, 1911.
  2. 'Insect.' Wikipedia. Wikipedia.org. n.p.